Connector

                                                Connectors

1.DIN Connector (Dutch Interface Norm) 
2.PS/2
3.D-connector
4.Berg connector
5.RCA connector (Radio Co-operation of America)
6.BNC connector(British Naval Connector)
7.RJ-45(Registered Jack 8 pin)
8.RJ-11(Registered Jack 4 pin)
9.MINI connector
10.USB connector(Universal Bus) 
11.Power connector 


1. DIN connector:

               They are round shaped, five pin connector. They were used to connect DIN standard keyboards. They were used in old mother board.

2.PS/2 :

               Small round shaped six pin connectors.They are used to PS/2 standard keyboard, mouse etc. They are smaller than DIN connector in shape.  
            
                             Mouse - Green colour 
                             Keyboard - Violet colour
 

3. D- connector : 

                      

                           
4. Berg Connector : 


                           It is a pin type connector. There will be golden projected  pin that are easily distributed
  
 50 pin - SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)
 40 pin - IDE  (Integrated Drive Electronics )
 34 pin - FDD (Floppy Disk Drive)
26 pin - Printer/Scanner 
16 pin - Game port
10 pin - Serial port (Modem, Mouse)
7   pin - SATA(Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)  

5. RCA connector : 

       
             It is seen in old display card

6. BNC  connector: 

             Round shaped, seen in old network cards and are used to connect co-axial cable.

7. RJ-45: 

  
            They are used to connect modem.They are unshielded twister pair (UTP) 
 
 8. RJ-11:   

           They are also seen in modem.They are used to connect telephone lines.

 9. MINI connector: 

            Small round shaped connector seen in sound cards. They are used to connect MIC and Speaker.

10. USB connector:

             They are very high speed connectors. It has got a two box type structure. They are used to connect standard devices like, web cam,USB printer,USB mouse,USB keyboard.

 11.Power connector: 

             In system, SMPS is used as the power supply unit.
 
 

MOTHER BOARD

                                                                MOTHER BOARD

                      

                                    Mother board are the largest circuit board used inside a computer . All the devices inside a computer are connected to the mother board. According to the generation of mother board       it is classified in to three.

1. Passive
2. standard or active
3. Integrated  

   
   1.Passive

                It contain power connector, DIN port and  expansion slot. For any works to be performed we have to add corresponding  daughter board or Add on cards.

   

   2.Standard/Active
   
        A standard mother board integrates memory module and processor to a passive mother board.


   3.Integrated 

        The family of integrated mother boards integrated more components. So that we can reduce the use of daughter boards. Integrated mother boards are two types Partially integrated and fully integrated.
 

Parts of Computers

Parts of Computers

• Hardware
• Periferals
• Logics
• Motherboard
• Daughter board 
• Software

     
    Hardware

                 
          Hardware is the physical component of a computer, which  we        can touch or feel.
       eg :  Keyboard,Mouse,Monitor
        Hardware is classified into two Peripherals and Logics 
                     

• Peripherals : The input and output devices of a computer is called peripherals
• Logics: The circuit board work under digital principles is called Logics

  Mother board 

   

        It is the main PCB (Printed Circuit Board)  of a computer. All peripherals are connected to MB. Processor,Memory and Controlling circuits are in MB

  Daughter board

    Add on cards/Daughter board used to add extra function to main board. 
    eg : Sound card for Speaker,Display to connect the monitors 

System Software

   They are group of programs. There are two types of software's.       They are :

1.  System software.
2.   and Application software.

   System software :  They are used to operate a computer by creating a working environment. They can also called OS (Operating system) .

  Operating system : OS is a collection of software's or programs . which act as an interface hardware system and the user

              eg : Windows 98, Windows xp, Linux, Unix, Etc.

 Application Software 

   This is an user application Software.
    eg :  MS office, Photoshop.

 Firmware
  
  It is the combination of the Hardware and Software.
   eg : BIOS

 Liveware

  The user of a computer is called Liveware

                          

Memory

Memory

               

                   Memories are the location for the storage of datas.

                   There are two types Primary and Secondary.

  Primary storage devices 

• RAM
• ROM 

      
    RAM

   ROM

                         

                  ROM is a Read Only Memory used as BIOS

Secondary storage devices

• Hard disk
• Flopy disk
• CD
• DVD   

     It is used for storing data permanently

Hard disk

Processing unit

           
                          It is used for data processing. It consist of these parts. ALU, control unit and memory. In ALU, the arithmetic and logic calculations are carried out.

Basic Representation of a computer

Input Devices and Output Devices


          Input unit is used to give data,instruction or information in                to the machine.
                       

Input devices 

1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Microphone
4. scanner 
5. Joystick  

Output devices   

1.  Monitor
2. Speaker
3. Printer

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

Computer

Computer is a fast accurate electronic alphanumeric data

     processing  machine 

Advantages

1. Speed
2. Accuracy
3. Flexibility
4. Stability
5. Expandability 

 
  Disadvantages of Computer

1.  It will reflects human errors.
2. Various virus affection chance is very high.
3. Lack of intelligence.
4. It request any source power  such as current.

    
Generation of Computers

1. First Generation        :    Vacuum tubes ( 1940-1956)
2. Second Generation     :   Transistor
3. Third Generation      :    Integrated Circuit (IC)
4. Fourth Generation    :      Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)
5. Fifth Generation       :      Artificial Inteligance